Irish Immigrants and Their Struggles

Irish Immigrants and Their Struggles Shelby Stauble ETH/125 3/21/10 Twyler Earl The Irish people left Ireland and immigrated to America to enjoy a better life, get away from the poverty and starvation that they were faced with in Ireland due to the potato famine. They face all kinds of discrimination and were forced to take the worst types of jobs, but they never gave up and kept fighting for their freedom. The Irish were brave, courageous, and hardworking and made it possible for all Irish to live happy and free lives in America. The Irish immigrated to the United States starting in 1820, more came after 1820 due to the potato famine which started in 1845, rotting of the potato crops caused thousands of deaths due to starvation. The Irish were forced to leave their country because they had no money nor did they have any way to eat. Between 1820 and 1880 3. 5 million Irish immigrated to the United States to ease their suffering and in hope of a brighter future. (Immigration,  n. d. ). A lot of the Irish who set out for America in hopes of a better life knew that immigrating to America would not be a completely joyous occasion. The Irish left Ireland to get away from the poverty, disease, and oppression and knew they would never set eyes on Ireland again. The ships the Irish were placed on to come to America were known as coffin ships because of their terrible conditions due to the overcrowding of the ships. Once the Irish arrived to America they were greeted with large men who took the Irish’s bags and forced them to live in tenement houses where they were charged outrageous fees to stay. The Irish were noted as the lowest group of people in America during the 1950’s. (Kinsellas,  1996). The Irish were treated poorly because Americans viewed them as bad influences for neighborhoods; they were forced to live in shacks and could not find jobs because most work places did not want the Irish working at their establishments. According to  Kinsellas  (1996),  the Chicago post wrote â€Å"The Irish fill our prisons, our poor houses†¦ Scratch a convict or a pauper, and the chances are that you tickle the skin of an Irish Catholic. Putting them on a boat and sending them home would end crime in this country. †(para. 4). Although the Irish were put down by Americans they never gave up and continued to press on. They were discriminated against but stuck together which helped them survive in America. The Irish face all types of discrimination; for example, environmental justice issues, meaning they were placed in terrible environments, such as the shacks they lived in and the boats they were brought to America on. They faced redlining, meaning they were denied certain job position and were forced to pay a large amount of money for housing. They double jeopardy because they were Irish and catholic, the Americans saw this as two good reasons to treat the Irish poorly. The Irish faced institutional discrimination they were not given the same jobs and or opportunities that the average American was given because the American people felt as though the Irish were a terrible group of people. The Irish were given the worst jobs America had to offer and only because those jobs were the only ones offered to them. They faced class ceiling discrimination because the Irish were unable to move on to better positions at their place of work. The Irish were given the most terrible jobs and even though the American people thought the Irish were good workers they were still unable to move up in their jobs. I chose the Irish people for both assignments but I feel that I do identify with the Irish culture in many ways. I never have had to deal with the major discrimination they faced and I must thank my ancestors for that because if it were not for all of their courage and strength I would not be able to enjoy the life I have today. I am a very hard worker just like my ancestors were and I am proud to be able to say my ancestors worked hard for me to be able to continue living in America. The Irish were hated by many but eventually gained the respect of the Americans by proving they were hard workers and would never give up on being accepted. The Irish never let the discrimination they face get them down; they stuck together and did what they had to do to survive. It may have been a long road but the Irish were eventually accepted because of their hard work ethics and good attitudes. References Kinsellas. (1996). Irish Immigrants in America during the 19th century. Retrieved from http://www. kinsella. org/history/histira. htm Immigration. (n. d. ). Immigration The Journey To America. Retrieved from http://library. thinkquest. org/20619/Irish. html

Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay Example

Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay Example Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay Raja Ram Mohan Roy, one . JTof the great reformers of renaissance India has commanded respect to the point of veneration and has been acclaimed as a Versatile presence on the Indian Historical firmament. All his life, he fought to reform the society because he believed that social and religious reform was the very foundation of political advancement. A harbinger of the idea of universal humanism, an apostle of monotheism, the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, an advocate of the freedom of the press and a champion of womens cause, Ram Mohan Roy was indeed, what Gopal Krishna Gokhale called him, the maker of modem India. Ram Mohan Roy was born on May 22, 1772 in Radhanagar, a village in Hoogly district of West Bengal. That was a time when the Muslim rule was on the decline, law and order was at the lowest ebb, social values and religious institutions were shaken sand economy was in chaos. It was a time when an all-round reconstruction and renovation was necessary for the continued existence of social life and order. Ram Mohan received his elementary education in the village school as was the practice in those days. He acquired knowledge of his mother tongue, Bengali which he perfected through self-study. His father sent him to Patna to learn Persian and Arabic. This proved a boon, as Ram Mohan could study the Sufi writers and glean gems from them to be tallied with the Vedantic philosophy. Thus, his mental field was broadened. It brought him out of the narrow confines of religious views. Three maxims that Roy loved to repeat were from the Sufi thoughts. These were Man is the slave of benefits, The enjoyment of the worlds rests on these two points-kindness to friends and civility to enemies and the third one, The way of serving God is to do good to man. One of the most endearing traits of Ram Mohan Roys personality was his tolerant attitude to all religions. He had studied Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism. During his pilgrimage to Tibet, he got acquainted with Buddhism and from the Marwaris at Rangpur, he learnt the precepts of Jainism. The year 1815 turned to be a decisive year in the life of Ram Mohan Roy. He formed the Atmiya Sabha, the inner circle, to discuss theological subjects and also to translate the Upanishads. The Atmiya Sabha met once a week. The discussions soon led to the establishment of the Brahmo Samaj to secure freedom from the bondage of ignorance and superstitions. Roy started his crusade against Sati after a heart-rending experience that shook him to the roots. In 1811, on the death of his brother, Jag Mohan, his wife was forced to commit Sati. Ram Mohan was filled with unbearable pity, rage and remorse. He determined to end the abominable practice. Roy raised his voice against Sati and after several attempts succeeded in drawing the governments attention. The orthodox society turned anti-Roy but with dogged determination he persisted. In December 1828, the famous regulation was passed which declared the practice illegal and punishable as a criminal offence. Once Sati was abolished, womens lot drew Ram Mohans attention. It was a time when women had no voice. They were considered inferior, unworthy of trust and devoid of knowledge. He wrote extensively on womens rights and once again incurred the wrath of the orthodox society. His plea for the rights of females shows that he was a strong supporter of womens uplift. He fought for their legal rights to property; he took up the cause of the destitute women; he raised his voice against the sale of daughters to prospective husbands due to pecuniary interests and he condemned the system of polygamy. In 1830, he sailed for England along with his adopted son. Raja Ram, then a boy of 12, and two servants. He visited Manchester, Bentham and Liverpool besides London. The main objective of his visit to England was to press for certain important reforms for India. After his stay in London, he went to Bristol where he died on September 27, 1833, after a brief illness. His passing away was deeply mourned by his admirers. He believed in the divine unity of mankind because he was deeply religious and had faith in the divinity of man, irrespective of caste or creed.

The Life of Aeschylus essays

The Life of Aeschylus essays Aeschylus was born in 525 B.C. in the city of Eleusis. He has been referred to as the Father of Tragedy. Early on in his life he was immersed in the rites of the city and in the worship of the mother and earth goddess Demeter. He was once sent to watch grapes ripen in the countryside. It was here that Aeschylus says Dionysus appeared to him in a dream and ordered him to write tragedies. He fought on behalf of Athens in the Persian wars, including the battle of Marathon and Salamis. His parents belonged to the old Attic nobility so that he was brought up as a broadminded conservative. He spent a large part of his mature life at the court of Hieron, tyrant of Syracuse, returning to Athens to supervise the production of his plays. He began to present plays in 490 B.C. in Sicily. When he started to write Greek plays were nothing more than a single actor portraying many characters usually with masks. It was a huge step for drama when Aeschylus introduced the second actor. This diminished the role of chorus and put more of an emphasis on dialogue. Aeschylus was an innovator in other ways as well. He made good use of stage settings and stage machinery, and some of his works were known for their spectacular scenic effects. He also designed costumes, trained his choruses in their songs and dances, and probably acted in most of his own plays, this being the usual practice of most Greek dramatists. Aeschylus wrote approximately 90 plays, only about 80 of these titles are known. Only seven tragedies have survived in their entirety. It is said that thirteen of his plays achieved first prize at the Greater Dionysia, which was the annual dramatic festival held in Athens. His first success was in 484 B.C. and he almost continuously won until his death. Aeschylus died in 456 B.C. at the age of seventy. Legend says that an while he was sitting outside one day an eagle flying overhead mistook his bald ...

Automotive Industry Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Automotive Industry Analysis - Research Paper Example Tichy (20-23) describes that the major evolution in the automotive industry is the introduction of the engine. The development was after the discovery of energy carrying means that include new fuels, and steam used in the 1700s. The new fuels in the 1800s included gas and gasoline. Later in 1876, there was the introduction of 4-stroke engine that involves the internal burning of gasoline fuels. In the same year, in Europe and America, there was an establishment of the first motor vehicle. In early 1900, the automobile industry introduced new technologies such as steering wheel and an accelerator. These two facilitated the growth of the industry, as vehicles became easier to operate. In the same years, societal developments occurred in America where they would provide a foundation for the production of automobiles. The government also introduced driver’s licenses and issued them to citizens. They opened many service stations and car sales improved with planned time payments. Ma ny models were introduced in the same year, such as Ford and other designs, where cars assumed another appearance. In the 1910s, societal development, as well as technologies, improved significantly. This facilitated the introduction of new methods of manufacturing and improved business strategies. Choudhury (1) shows that in the US, the roads were safe for users after the introduction of traffic rights and road signs. In 1913, Henry Ford launched his assembly line that facilitated mass production of vehicles, therefore, gaining the economies of scale. The renowned assembly line of Ford had the mass production idea process where they operated through compatible and ordinary parts. The workers making these vehicles started moving to other companies and merged with, for instance, GM that bought Chevrolet. According to Darlington (1), during the 1920s, there were more improvements of social infrastructure, development of various practices, designs and more companies merged with other a utomobile companies, for example, Ford merged with Lincoln and Chrysler later merging with Dodge. The US government and Bureau of Public Roads also introduced a Bill that facilitated completion of various road projects and formulating of national road system policies. There was also development in manufacturing where there were improved practices leading to the accessing of and assembling satisfactory cars according to customers’ needs. The companies that manufacture automobiles, such as Ford, focused upon the production of one type of model while others, such as GM, took on product variety as a new production strategy providing various models. This strategy helped in increasing the market share of the company by about 20 percent reducing the competitors’ market share. In 1930s, the industry saw the development of several brands of vehicles from different companies. The new trend was also felt in consumer preferences where most of them distinguished the European and Am erican markets. Consumers in the US market liked comfortable and large cars while those in Europe preferred smaller and economical cars. In the same years, companies such as GM continued to use their competitive strategy of producing a variety of models and it increased its market share against Ford that was losing customers. During the World War of 1940s,

Trade Union Revitalization in Europe and North America Essay

Trade Union Revitalization in Europe and North America - Essay Example This study looks into a trade union as a labor union. It is formed by workers of a given organization who come up together to set common goals and objectives which are mostly concerned with how to improve their welfare in their respective organizations. Trade unions have their own leadership structures that govern their day to day operations in ensuring that they do achieve their set goals and objectives. One of the key roles of the leadership of these trade unions is to negotiate with the respective employers to favor the interests of the members of that particular trade union. Mostly they bargain about how the employer is expected to improve the working conditions of its employees and also labor contracts. These labor contracts may include the procedures to be followed in recruitment of new staff members and dismissal of any existing employee, terms of wages and so on. Trade unions originated from Europe before spreading to other countries all over the world. In the past, they were not in existence but due to the fact that employers were taking advantage of their unskilled employees by underpaying them and misusing them in their work places trade unions were formed. They became very popular with the employees of various organizations worldwide due to the various benefits derived from them. Trade unions have the power to take any relevant industrial action such as strike if their negotiated demands are not adhered to by the respective authorities. Even though trade unions originated from Europe, the effects of neo-liberal turn has greatly affected the functioning and power of trade unions in the developed countries and especially in Europe and north America in the yester years. High labor mobility is another core factor that has affected the functioning of trade unions in Europe and North America. There has been a variety of strategies developed by the trade unions in these respective countries to try and address the major factors affecting the functioning and powers. These strategies are aimed at ensuring that these trade unions remain for the interest of its workers. Most discussions have been held by various trade unions in Europe and North America to discuss the most viable strategies to solve the problem of increasing labor mobility that has become a threat to the trade unions. One of these strategies that is mostly applicable in North America and Europe is trade union organizing. This strategy was developed in the United States of America before it spread to other countries in America. This strategy mostly stressed the true, fair and known strategies to be applied in the respective organizations when conducting the recruitment and selection of new staff members and also the strategies to be followed when empowering the existing employees in that organization (Milkma & Kim 2004) Despite the benefits associated with the trade union organizing, there has been serious debate in the North America and Europe as to whether this strategy i s the best to bring about revitalization in the trade unions found in organizations located in Europe and North America. In our essay we shall bring out the argument and conclude whether there is trade union revitalization in Europe and North America by assessing the major discussion in progress which aims to compare the organizing strategy with neo liberal regime. Unlike other earlier studies that discussed revitalization of trade unions, this essay focuses on the inter relationship that exists between the strategies chosen by the leaders of these trade unions in their given organizations and the opportunities that may

MPH502 - Introduction to Public Health Module 5 - Case Essay

MPH502 - Introduction to Public Health Module 5 - Case - Essay Example 4.2 million births per year) which results in high infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate (WHO). The increasing birth rate is primarily associated with less educational facilities and religious matters. The health disparities that exist within the country are mainly due to the educational, health, social, economic differences between rural and urban areas. Malaria, tuberculosis, Diarrhea, measles and tetanus are also major health concerns of the government. Hepatitis is also posing a great threat to the health of population. Â ¼ of the total population in Pakistan are obese and have chronic problems (Tauqeer et al.). These health problems and others are basically related to the educational, social and economic conditions of the country. People in Pakistan, do not get much education on vaccines and health checkups on regular basis. The unavailability of education and health services is posing a threat to the health situation of Pakistan. Hygiene is one of the major issues that is worsening the health condition in Pakistan. About eighty percent of the prevailing diseases like diarrhea, malaria, typhoid etc. are due to poor sanitary conditions, unavailability of purified drinking water and cleanliness facilities. The following chart defines the health priorities that require immediate consideration and call for an action by the Government, local authorities and general public. These issues are prioritized on the basis of mortality rates by those issues. The figures are taken from Death and DALY estimates by cause (2002). There is a need to improve the current trends of death rates by resolving the life risking health issues. Since, it has been observed that the major concerns include but are not limited to cleanliness facilities, health disparities on the basis of social, economic and educational differences and high birthrate risking the life of child and mother both. The basic need is to call for an

Tension in the 1920s Essay Example for Free

Tension in the 1920s Essay During the 1920’s, the United States saw many large changes made in the country, the largest of which, the ratification of the 18th Amendment and the start of prohibition, was the greatest source of tension during that time period. The 18th Amendment which made the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal, upset many people, but was actually never enforced that strictly. Many people could still drink very easily and alcohol was never hard to find. Although many people think it was a terrible mistake and the government was taking away a simple way for adults to get together and have fun, the government gave them a good amount of time to prepare. As stated in an article by Mark Moore of the New York Times, â€Å"The amendment prohibited the commercial manufacture and distribution of alcoholic beverages; it did not prohibit use, nor production for ones own consumption. Moreover, the provisions did not take effect until a year after passage -plenty of time for people to stockpile supplies†. People could still produce alcohol for themselves which most already did and talks of prohibition had been going on for years with much support. The citizens of the United States should have taken that time to gather the alcohol they wanted and obtain the supplies needed to produce it. Once again, even though one could not sell alcohol or produce it, it was extremely easy to access, there were extremely large amounts of speakeasies in cities, people could go to Canada or Mexico, or just take a boat three miles out into the ocean where the government had no power. Although prohibition did not have much of an effect on the consumption of alcohol, the crime rates rose quite quickly and many saw organized crime begin in the country. Many gangs arose in large cities, but in only in Chicago could you find the most powerful gangster, Al Capone. He made millions off of the illegal consumption of alcohol, and although it caused a lot of chaos and disruption, he was giving the people what they wanted. As said by Capone himself, All I do is to supply a public demand †¦ somebody had to throw some liquor on that thirst. Why not me? †. The citizens of the United States yearned for alcohol and Capone gave them what they wanted, but they all suffered the consequences. With gangsters being as powerful as they were at the time, they could influence almost anyone, especially in law enforcement, the court system, and politics. The rate of homicides per 100,000 population was extremely large and the highest it had ever been. During the war, it was around six to seven, during prohibition it was around seven to ten. Although that may seem like a small number, more people were dying because of the want for alcohol. The 18th Amendment and beginning of prohibition dramatically altered the country in ways good and bad, which made it the greatest source of tension during the 1920’s.